Chapter 8: Metric System

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Click to edit Master title sty= le

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Second level

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Fifth level

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The Metric System

Chapter 8

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Basic Terms and Conversions within the Metric System

Section 8.1

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= Metric System

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>pA system of measurement used throughout most of = the world (except US)

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= Advantages

= pAccepted as a standard system of measurement world-wide

= pOne basic unit of measurement for each type of quantity (as opposed to yards, feet, inches, etc.)

pBase 10, therefore conversions are easy

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= Base Units of Measure

pMeter: Basic unit of length <= /span>

pGram: Basic unit of mass

pLiter: Basic unit of liquid volume <= /span>

pDegrees Celsius: Basic unit of temperature<= /span>

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= Different Units of Measure: Prefixes

= pMetric system uses prefixes with = the base units to create different units of measurement

= pUnits created with prefixes are related to the base unit (exp: centimeters and kilometers rather= than inches and miles)

<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;color:#666600;mso-color-index:2;positio= n: absolute;left:-3.72%;top:.3em;font-family:Wingdings;font-size:75%'>pUsed to represent measurements th= at are very large or very small

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= Metric Prefixes

Prefix

Symbol

Meaning

kilo

1000 x base unit

hecto

100 x base unit

deka

10 x base unit

---

base unit

deci

1/10 of base unit

centi

1/100 of base unit

milli

1/1000 of base unit

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Multiplying by Powers of Ten
(10, 100, 1000, etc.)<= /span>

1)Count the number of zeros in the power of 10

2)Move the decimal point that many places to the right

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";visibility:hidden'>3)

pExamples

368.54

= x 10

15.039

X 1000

3685.4

15039

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Dividing by Powers of Ten
(Multiplying by 1/10, 1/10= 0, 1/1000, etc.)

1)Count the number of zeros in the power of 10

2)Move the decimal point that many places to the left

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";visibility:hidden'>3)

pExamples

368.54 ¸ 100= =3D

15.039 ¸ 100= 0 =3D

3.6854

.015039

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= Conversion of Units with Prefixes

pThe metric system is based on the number 10

pIt is very easy to convert between units with prefixes

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Converting from a Smaller Unit = to a Larger Unit

1)Determine the number of “steps” between prefixes

2)Move the decimal that number of places to the left

pNote: You are converting to a smaller n= umber

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= Converting from a Larger Unit to a Smaller Unit

1)Determine the number of “steps” between prefixes

2)Move the decimal that number of places to the right

pNote: You are converting to a larger nu= mber

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

p14,386.24 m to km

= n14.38624 km

p1.3629 dm to cm

= n13.629 cm

p.59 dal to dl <= /div>

= n59 dl

p18,960 hg to g =

= n1,896,000 g

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

p300,000 dg to kg

= n30 kg

p.00031 km to mm

= n310 mm

p5090 cl to hl <= /div>

= n.509 hl

p380,000 mm to dm

= n3800 dm

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Length, Area and Volume

Section 8.2

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= Length
One-dimensional measurement

pMeter: Basic unit of length; replaces ya= rds or feet

pKilometer: Replaces miles =

pCentimeters: Replaces inches

pMillimeters: Replaces fractional parts of inch= es

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= Area
Two-dimensional measurement

pSquare Meter: Replaces square yards or square feet

pSquare Centimeter: Replaces square inches

pSquare Kilometer: Replaces square miles

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

pHow many square inches in a square foot?

= n1 foot =3D 12 inches <= /span>

= n(1 ft)2 =3D (12 in)2

= n1 ft2 =3D 144 in2

pHow many square feet in a 4 square yards?

n1 yard =3D 3 feet

n(1 yd)2 =3D (3 ft)2

n1 yd2 =3D 9 ft2

n4 x 1 yd2 =3D 4 x 9 ft2

n4 yd2 =3D 36 ft2

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

pHow many square centimeters in a square meter?

= n1 m =3D 100 cm =

= n(1 m)2 =3D (100 cm)2&#= 13;

= n1 m2 =3D 10,000 cm2

pHow many square meters in 5 square kilometers?

n1 km =3D 1000 m

n(1 km)2 =3D (1000 m)2&#= 13;

n1 km2 =3D 1,000,000 m2

n5 x 1 km2 =3D 5 x 1,000,000 m2

n5 km2 =3D 5,000,000 m2

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= Volume:
Three-dimensional measurement=

= pUnits used to measure volume depe= nd on whether the quantity measured is liquid or solid (same as with our system of measure)

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= Volume of Liquids

pLiter: Replaces pints, quarts, or gallon= s

pMilliliter: Replaces ounces (drug dosages)= 3;

= pNote: Liters are not expressed as a cub= ic measurement; therefore conversions are easy

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= Volume of Solids

pCubic Meters: Replaces cubic feet or cubic yard= s

<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;color:#999900;mso-color-index:3;positio= n: absolute;left:-3.56%;top:.3em;font-family:Wingdings;font-size:75%'>nNote: Conversions of cubic measurements= are more difficult

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

pHow many cubic centimeters in a c= ubic meter?

= n1 m =3D 100 cm =

= n(1 m)3 =3D (100 cm)3

= n1 m3 =3D 1,000,000 cm3

pHow many cubic millimeters in 18.5 cubic centimeters?

n1 cm =3D 10 mm =

n(1 cm)3 =3D (10 mm)3&#= 13;

n1 cm3 =3D 1000 cm3&#= 13;

n18.5 x 1 cm3 =3D 18.5 x 1000 mm3

n18.5 cm3 =3D 18,500 mm3

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<= ![if !vml]>

Converting Between Liquid and = Solid Volume

Solid Volume

Equivalent to

Liquid Volume

1 cm3

=3D

1milliliter

1 dm3

=3D

1 liter

1 m3

=3D

1 kiloliter

1)Calculate the solid volume

2)If necessary, convert the solid volume to a “cross-over point”
(cm3, dm3, or m= 3) <= /div>

3)Convert to the equivalent number = of milliliters, liters, or kiloliters

4)Convert to the desired units for liquid volume

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A lobster tank measures 1m by 1.5m by 2.4m

1)Determine the volume of the tank in cubic meters

2)Determine the volume in liters

§1 m x 1.5 m x 2.4 m =3D 3.6 m3

§Already at the cross-over point o= f m3

§3.6 m3 =3D 3.6 kl

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>§3.6 kl =3D 3600 liters

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A sink measures 3dm by 2dm by = 2dm

1)Determine the volume of the sink in cubic decimeters

2)Determine the volume in deciliters

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>§3 dm x 2 dm x 2 dm =3D 12 dm3

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>§Already at the cross-over point o= f dm3

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>§12 dm3 =3D 12 l

§12 l =3D 120 dl

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Mass and Temperature

Section 8.3

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= Mass

pMeasure of amount of matter in an object

p(Weight, on the other hand, is the measure of gravitational pull on an object)

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= Gram: The basic unit of mass=

pGram: Replaces ounces

= pMilligram: Very small; often used to measure= medicine

pKilogram: Replaces pounds

pMetric Tonne: 1000 kilograms; replaces tons

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= Relationship of Volume and Mass

Solid Volume in Cubic Units

Liquid Volume in Liters

Mass of Water

1 centimeter3

=3D

1 milliliter

=3D

1 gram

1 decimeter3

=3D

1 liter

=3D

1 kilogram

1 meter3

=3D

1 kiloliter

=3D

1000 kilograms

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An aquarium measures 80cm by = = 60cm by 50cm

1)Determine the volume of the aquarium in cubic centimeters

2)Determine the volume in liters

3)Determine the mass of water in hectograms

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1)80 cm x 60 cm x 50 cm =3D 240,000= cm3

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2)240,000 cm3 =3D 240,000 ml <= /div>

3)240,000 ml =3D 240 l

4)240 l =3D 240 kg (of water)

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>5)240 kg =3D 2400 hg<= /div>

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An art-deco vase measures 2dm by = .5dm by .5dm

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1)Determine the volume of the vase = in cubic decimeters

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2)Determine the volume in deciliters

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>3)Determine the mass of water in grams

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1)2 dm x .5 dm x .5 dm =3D .5 dm3

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2).5 dm3 =3D .5 l

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>3).5 l =3D 5 dl <= /div>

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>4).5 l =3D .5 kg =

<= span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman"'>5).5 kg =3D 500 grams=

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= Temperature

pCelsius Scale: Measures temperature in the metri= c system

<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;color:#999900;mso-color-index:3;positio= n: absolute;left:-3.74%;top:.3em;font-family:Wingdings;font-size:75%'>nFreezing point of water:
0° Celsius, 32° Fahrenheit

nBoiling point of water:
100° Celsius, 212° Fahrenheit

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= Conversions

pF =3D 9/5C + 32

pC =3D 5/9(F – 32)

= nNote: There are parenthesis in only one conversion

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

p92°F → °C

= nC =3D 5/9(F – 32) =3D 5/9(92 – 32)= =3D 5/9(60) =3D 33.33°C

p15°C → °F

= nF =3D 9/5C + 32 =3D 9/515 + 32 =3D 27 = + 32 =3D 59°F

p98.6°F → °C

nC =3D 5/9(F – 32) =3D 5/9(98.6 – 3= 2) =3D 5/9(66.6) =3D 37°C

p71°C → °F

nF =3D 9/5C + 32=3D 9/571 + 32 =3D 127= .8 + 32 =3D 159.8°F

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Conversions To and From The Metric System<= /b>

Section 8.4

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= Unit Fraction

= pA fraction in which the numerator= and denominator contain different units and the value of the fraction
is 1

= p= Used to convert a measurement from one unit to a different unit

pCreated by using two equal measurements

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= Examples of Unit Fractions

p1 foot =3D 12 inches <= /span>

<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;color:#999900;mso-color-index:3;positio= n: absolute;left:-3.68%;top:.3em;font-family:Wingdings;font-size:75%'>n 1 foot OR 12 inches
12 inches 1 foot

p1 gallon =3D 128 ounces

n = 1 gallon OR 128 ounces
128 ounces 1 gallon

p1 hour =3D 60 minutes =

n 1 hour OR 60 minutes
60 minutes 1 hour

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

p15 feet to inches

= n15 feet x 12 inches/1 foot =3D 180 inches

p336 inches to feet

= n336 inches x 1 foot/ 12 inches = =3D 28 feet

p19.5 gallons to ounces

n19.5 gallons x 128 ounces/1 gallo= n =3D 2496 ounces

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

p1056 ounces to gallons

<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;color:#999900;mso-color-index:3;positio= n: absolute;left:-3.72%;top:.3em;font-family:Wingdings;font-size:75%'>n1056 ounces x 1 gallon/128 ounces= =3D 8.25 gallons

p13 hours to minutes

= n13 hours x 60 minutes/1 hour =3D = 780 minutes

p852 minutes to hours <= /span>

n852 minutes x 1 hour/60 minutes = =3D 14.2 hours

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

p200 cm to inches

= n200 cm x 2.54 cm/1 inch =3D 78.74 inches

p150 pounds to kg

= n150 pounds x .45 kg/1 pound =3D 6= 7.5 kg

p28 liters to gallons <= /span>

n28 liters x 1 gallon/3.8 liters = =3D 7.37 gallons

p575 g to ounces

n575 g x 1 ounce/28 g =3D 20.54 g<= /span>

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= Examples: Convert the following<= /div>

p12 miles to km =

= n12 miles x 1.6 km/1 mile =3D 19.2 km

p5.5 feet to cm =

= n5.5 feet x 30cm/1 foot =3D 165 cm=

p3.5 liters to quarts <= /span>

n3.5 liters x 1 quart/.95 liters = =3D 3.68 quarts

p55 miles per hour to km per hour&= #13;

n55 miles per hour x 1.6 km/1 mile= =3D 88 km per hour

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Click to edit Master text styles

Second level

Third level

Fourth level

Fifth level

‹#›

1

2

3

4

5

6

You wouldn’t want to repres= ent the distance from NY to Los Angeles in meters (km). You wouldn’t want to represent an amount of medicine in a fraction of a liter (ml).

7

8

3685.4 150390

9

=3D 3.6854

=3D .015039

10

11

12

13

14.38624 km

136.29 cm

590 ml

189.6 g

300 kg

.31 mm

50.9 hl

380 km

14

14.38624 km

136.29 cm

590 ml

189.6 g

300 kg

.31 mm

50.9 hl

380 km

15

18

19

20

22

23

25

26

32

1) 1 m x 1.5 m x 2.4 m =3D 3.6 m3

2) 1 m3 =3D 100 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm =3D 1= ,000,000 cm3.

3.6 m3 =3D 3.6 x 1,000,000 cm3 =3D 3,600,000 cm3.

3,600,000 cm3 =3D 3,600,000 ml.

3,600,000 ml =3D 3,600 liters.= 3;

35

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hrefList("slide0001.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(= "slide0003.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0005.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("= slide0007.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0012.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s= lide0021.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0026.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl= ide0036.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0047.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli= de0054.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0056.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid= e0061.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0068.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide= 0250.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0085.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0= 087.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0094.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide01= 08.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0251.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide012= 7.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0130.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0140= .htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0146.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0156.= htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0160.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0246.h= tm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0166.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0168.ht= m",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0242.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0174.htm= ",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0256.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0245.htm"= ,1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0184.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0187.htm",= 1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0192.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0206.htm",1= ,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0208.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0210.htm",1,= -1,1),new hrefList("slide0243.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0254.htm",1,-= 1,1),new hrefList("slide0255.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0257.htm",1,-1= ,1)); /********************************************* Frameset functions These functions control slide navigation and state of the frameset. **********************************************/ function RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) { var regExp =3D /^file:\/\/\//i; return href.replace(regExp, "") } function FullScrInit() { g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black" document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM; document.onkeydown =3D _KDH; document.ondragstart=3DCancel document.onselectstart=3DCancel self.focus() } function Redirect( frmId ) {=09 var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId() if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1); if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) { obj =3D GetObj("Main-File") window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId return 1 } return 0 } var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20 function CalculateMHTMLPrefix() { if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20 href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20 Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20 End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20 if (End < Start)=20 return href.substring(0, Start)=20 else=20 return href.substring(0, End)=20 } return ''; } function GetTags(base,tag) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag); else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag); } function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP= refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) } function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() } function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() } function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() } function SetHasNts( fVal ) { if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) { gHasNts=3DfVal UpdNavPane() } } function ToggleOtlText() { gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp UpdOtlPane() } function ClearMedia() { // Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other= wise, // in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod= e. if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0; } function FullScreen() {=20 if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) PPTSld.document.body.pause(); ClearMedia(); var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF = : FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref; if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") href =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) { var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0 var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top= =3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } else { win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } } function ToggleVNarration() { rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay") if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) ) rObj.Play() else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 ) rObj.Pause() else return; } else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID") if( narObj ) narObj.togglePause() } } function GetCurSldNum() { =20 obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld) if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return obj.mSldIdx else =20 return gCurSld } function GetNumSlds() { =20 if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds; else return GetSldList().mList.length } function GetSldNum( href ) { for(ii=3D0; ii 1 ) PopSldList(); else if( !IsFramesMode() ) { if( gLoopCont ) GoToFirst() else EndShow() } } function GoToPrevSld() { ii=3DgCurSld-1 if( ii > 0 ) { obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii) while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) ) obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii) if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1 GoToSldNum(ii) } } function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) } function GoToLast() { ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length if( ii !=3D gCurSld ) GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref ) } function GoToSldNum( num ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue obj =3D GetHrefObj( num ) obj.mVis=3D1 gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld =3D num; =09 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref= )) else PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref) =09 if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function GoToSld( href ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)) else PPTSld.location.replace(href) } function SldUpdated( id ) { if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) } function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO= bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) } function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) } function CloseWindow() { if( HideMenu() ) return; =09 var event =3D PPTSld.event; if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D= =3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) ) window.close( self ); CatchNumKeys( self, event ); } function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; } function SetupEndShow() { gIsEndShow=3D1; PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no"; PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM; } function EndShow() { if( IsFramesMode() ) return if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue doc=3DPPTSld.document var dir =3D doc.body.dir if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr"; doc.open() doc.writeln('

' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
') doc.close() } function SetSldVisited(){ GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited=3Dtrue } function IsSldVisited(){ return GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited } function hrefList( sldHref, visible, advDelay, advClk ) { this.mSldHref=3D this.mNtsHref =3D sldHref this.mOrigVis=3D this.mVis =3D visible this.mVisited=3D false this.mAdvDelay=3D advDelay this.mAdvOnClk=3D advClk } function SldList(arr,curSld,fEnd) { this.mCurSld =3D curSld; this.mList =3D new Array(); var idx =3D 1; for(ii=3D0;ii 0) { PushSldList(sldList,fEnd); gCurSld =3D 1; } else if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) { var ii =3D gSldStack.length; gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd); GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref ); } function PopSldList() { if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow) EndShow() else { gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld; gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null; gSldStack.length--; var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1]; GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref ); } } var custShowList=3Dnew Array(); /********************************************* Navigation button implementation There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn implemented as function objects. They share a similiar interface so the event handlers can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20 object without needing to know exactly=20 what type of button it is. **********************************************/ //---------------------------------- function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action ) //---------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _IBP t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE t.ChangeIcon =3D null t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _IBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.mBorderId=3D bId t.mWidth =3D w t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0 } function _IBSetA() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _IBSetI() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } } function _IBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 ) obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1 } } function _IBSetD() { =20 obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } function _IBSetE( state ) { var t=3Dthis GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible" if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) { t.mIsOn=3Dstate if( state ) t.SetInactive() else t.SetDisabled() } } function _IBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) { if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( t.ChangeIcon ) { obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId) if( t.ChangeIcon() ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth else obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth } t.SetActive() } =20 } function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState ) { var t=3Dthis SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 ) obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj= .style.posTop t.mCurState=3DnextState return obj } //----------------------------------------- function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState ) //----------------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _TBP t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE t.GetState =3D chkState t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _TBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.m_elementsId=3D oeId t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBSetA() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetI() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) } function _TBSetD() { =20 this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) this.mIsOn =3D 0 } function _TBSetE() { var t=3Dthis if( !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) else t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) {=20 if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( !t.GetState ) return if( t.GetState() ) t.SetPressed() else t.SetActive() } =20 } function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset ) { SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 ) Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset ) } function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle= ft } function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight ) { s=3Dobj.style; s.borderStyle =3D "solid" s.borderWidth =3D 1=20 s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight } function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] } function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() } function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() } function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() } function BtnOnUp() { b=3DGetBtnObj() if( b !=3D null ) b.Perform() else Upd() } function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen } function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen } function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp } function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal ) { s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style s.display=3D"none" if( fVal ) s.display=3D"" else s.display=3D"none" } function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etActive() } function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etInactive() } function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etPressed() } function _BSetA_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20 if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _BSetI_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId] if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"= THREEDFACE" var gBtnArr =3D new Array() gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan= e,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt= lPane,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN= tsPane ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.= ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To= ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n= b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld ) gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n= b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent= .FullScreen ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa= rent.FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent= .FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice= ","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration ) gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT= xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts" gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState /********************************************* Context menu implementation _CM() is the function that's hooked up to the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to show the menu, we first build it by creating DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20 within the screen area so it doesn't get clipped. Creating the DIVs using createElement() means we don't have to write out any extra HTML into the slide HTML files. **********************************************/ var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr= row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval" function ShowMenu() { BuildMenu(); var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y= =3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) ) m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth m.style.pixelTop=3Dy if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) ) m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight m.style.display=3D"" } function _CM() { if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return; if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) { ShowMenu() return false } else HideMenu() } function BuildMenu() { if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body ) mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu" mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden" var s=3DmObj.style s.position=3D"absolute" s.cursor=3D"default" s.width=3D"120px" SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black") var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj ) SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" ) iObj.style.padding=3D2 CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld ) =09 CreateSeparator( iObj ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True ) mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible" } function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa= lue=3Dfalse } function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") } function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") } function Perform() { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) e.Action() else PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function ChangeClr( bg,clr ) { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) { e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg e.style.color=3Dclr } } function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) } function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() } function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();= PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() } function M_True() { return true } function M_End() { window.close( self ) } function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval ) { var e=3DCreateItem( node ) e.type=3D"menuitem" e.Action=3Daction e.IsActive=3Deval e.innerHTML=3Dtext if( !e.IsActive() ) e.style.color=3D"threedshadow" e.onclick=3DPerform e.onmouseover=3DHighlight e.onmouseout=3DDeselect s=3De.style; 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No= tes

Slide Show

Outline

1

The Metric Syste= m

Chapter 8

2

Basic Terms and Conversions within the Metric System

Section 8.1

3

Metric System

A system of measurement used throughout most of the world (except US= )

4

Advantages

Accepted as a standard system of measurement world-wide

One basic unit of measurement for each type of quantity (as opposed = to yards, feet, inches, etc.)

Base 10, therefore conversions are easy

5

Base Units of Me= asure

Meter: Basic unit of l= ength

Gram: Basic unit of ma= ss

Liter: Basic unit of l= iquid volume

Degrees Celsius: Basic= unit of temperature

6

Different Units = of Measure: Prefixes

Metric system uses prefixes with the base units to create different units of measurement

Units created with prefixes are related to the base unit (exp: centimeters and kilometers = rather than inches and miles)

Used to represent measurements that are very large or very small

7

Metric Prefixes<= /a>

8

Multiplying by P= owers of Ten
(10, 100, 1000, etc.)

Count the number of zeros in the power of 10

Move the decimal point that many places to the right

Examples

9

Dividing by Powe= rs of Ten
(Multiplying by 1/10, 1/100, 1/1000, etc.)

Count the number of zeros in the power of 10

Move the decimal point that many places to the left

Examples

10

Conversion of U= nits with Prefixes

The metric system is based on the number 10

It is very easy to convert between units with prefixes

11

Converting from= a Smaller Unit to a Larger Unit

Determine the number of “steps” between prefixes

Move the decimal that number of places to the left

Note: You are converti= ng to a smaller number

12

Converting from= a Larger Unit to a Smaller Unit

Determine the number of “steps” between prefixes

Move the decimal that number of places to the right

Note: You are converti= ng to a larger number

13

Examples: Convert the following=

14,386.24 m to km

14.38624 km

1.3629 dm to cm

13.629 cm

.59 dal to dl

59 dl

18,960 hg to g

1,896,000 g

14

Examples: Convert the following=

300,000 dg to kg

30 kg

.00031 km to mm

310 mm

5090 cl to hl

.509 hl

380,000 mm to dm

3800 dm

15

Length, Area an= d Volume

Section 8.2

16

Length
One-dimensional measurement

Meter: Basic unit of l= ength; replaces yards or feet

Kilometer: Replaces mi= les

Centimeters: Replaces = inches

Millimeters: Replaces fractional parts of inches

17

Area
Two-dimensional measurement

Square Meter: Replaces square yards or square feet

Square Centimeter: Rep= laces square inches

Square Kilometer: Repl= aces square miles

18

Examples: Convert the following=

How many square inches in a square foot?

1 foot =3D 12 inches

(1 ft)² =3D (12 in)²

1 ft² =3D 144 in²

How many square feet in a 4 square yards?

1 yard =3D 3 feet

(1 yd)² =3D (3 ft)²

1 yd² =3D 9 ft²

4 x 1 yd² =3D 4 x 9 ft²

4 yd² =3D 36 ft²

19

Examples: Convert the following=

How many square centimeters in a square meter?

1 m =3D 100 cm

(1 m)² =3D (100 cm)²

1 m² =3D 10,000 cm²

How many square meters in 5 square kilometers?

1 km =3D 1000 m

(1 km)² =3D (1000 m)²

1 km² =3D 1,000,000 m²

5 x 1 km² =3D 5 x 1,000,000 m²

5 km² =3D 5,000,000 m²

20

Volume:
Three-dimensional measurement

Units used to measure volume depend on whether the quantity measured= is liquid or solid (same as with our system of measure)

21

Volume of Liqui= ds

Liter: Replaces pints, quarts, or gallons

Milliliter: Replaces o= unces (drug dosages)

Note: Liters are not expressed as a cubic measurement; therefore conversions are easy

22

Volume of Solid= s

Cubic Meters: Replaces= cubic feet or cubic yards

Note: Conversions of = cubic measurements are more difficult

23

Examples: Convert the following=

How many cubic centimeters in a cubic meter?

1 m =3D 100 cm

(1 m)³ =3D (100 cm)³

1 m³ =3D 1,000,000 cm³

How many cubic millimeters in 18.5 cubic centimeters?

1 cm =3D 10 mm

(1 cm)³ =3D (10 mm)³

1 cm³ =3D 1000 cm³

18.5 x 1 cm³ =3D 18.5 x 1000 mm³

18.5 cm³ =3D 18,500 mm³

24

Converting Betw= een Liquid and Solid Volume

Calculate the solid volume

If necessary, convert the solid volume to a “cross-over point”
(cm3, dm3, or m3)

Convert to the equivalent number of milliliters, liters, or kilolit= ers

Convert to the desired units for liquid volume

25

A lobster tank = measures 1m by 1.5m by 2.4m

Determine the volume of the tank in cubic meters

Determine the volume in liters

1 m x 1.5 m x 2.4 m =3D 3.6 m³

Already at the cross-over point of m³

3.6 m³ =3D 3.6 kl

3.6 kl =3D 3600 liters

26

A sink measures= 3dm by 2dm by 2dm

Determine the volume of the sink in cubic decimeters

Determine the volume in deciliters

3 dm x 2 dm x 2 dm =3D 12 dm³

Already at the cross-over point of dm³

12 dm³ =3D 12 l

12 l =3D 120 dl

27

Mass and Temper= ature

Section 8.3

28

Mass=

Measure of amount of matter in an object

(Weight, on the other hand, is the measure of gravitational pull on = an object)

29

Gram: The basic unit of mass

Gram: Replaces ounces<= /li>
Milligram: Very small;= often used to measure medicine

Kilogram: Replaces pou= nds

Metric Tonne: 1000 kilograms; replaces tons

30

Relationship of= Volume and Mass

31

An aquarium mea= sures 80cm by 60cm by 50cm

Determine the volume of the aquarium in cubic centimeters

Determine the volume in liters

Determine the mass of water in hectograms

80 cm x 60 cm x 50 cm =3D 240,000 cm³

240,000 cm³ =3D 240,000 ml

240,000 ml =3D 240 l

240 l =3D 240 kg (of water)

240 kg =3D 2400 hg

32

An art-deco vase measures 2dm by .5dm by .5dm

Determine the volume of the vase in cubic decimeters

Determine the volume in deciliters

Determine the mass of water in grams

2 dm x .5 dm x .5 dm =3D .5 dm³

.5 dm³ =3D .5 l

.5 l =3D 5 dl

.5 l =3D .5 kg

.5 kg =3D 500 grams

33

Temperature=

Celsius Scale: Measures temperature in the metric system

Freezing point of water:
0° Celsius, 32° Fahrenheit

Boiling point of water:
100° Celsius, 212° Fahrenheit

34

Conversions=

F =3D ⁹/₅C + 32

C =3D ⁵/₉(F – 32)

Note: There are paren= thesis in only one conversion

35

Examples: Convert the following=

92°F → °C

C =3D ⁵/₉(F – 32) =3D ⁵/9(92 – 32) =3D ⁵/₉(60) =3D 33.33°C

15°C → °F

F =3D ⁹/₅C + 32 =3D ⁹/₅= 15 + 32 =3D 27 + 32 =3D 59°F

98.6°F → °C

C =3D ⁵/₉(F – 32) =3D ⁵/9(98.6 – 32) =3D ⁵/₉(66.6) =3D 37°C

71°C → °F

F =3D ⁹/₅C + 32=3D ⁹/₅7= 1 + 32 =3D 127.8 + 32 =3D 159.8°F

36

Conversions To = and From The Metric System

Section 8.4

37

Unit Fraction

A fraction in which the numerator and denominator contain different units and the value of the fraction
is 1

Used to convert a measurement from one unit to a different unit

Created by using two equal measurements

38

Examples of Unit Fractions

1 foot =3D 12 inches

1 foot OR 12 inches
12 inches 1 foot

1 gallon =3D 128 ounces

1 gallon OR 128 ounces
128 ounces 1 gallon

1 hour =3D 60 minutes

1 hour OR 60 minutes
60 minutes 1 hour

39

Examples: Convert the following=

15 feet to inches

15 feet x 12 inches/1 foot =3D 180 inches

336 inches to feet

336 inches x 1 foot/ 12 inches =3D 28 feet

19.5 gallons to ounces

19.5 gallons x 128 ounces/1 gallon =3D 2496 ounces

40

Examples: Convert the following=

1056 ounces to gallons

1056 ounces x 1 gallon/128 ounces =3D 8.25 gallons

13 hours to minutes

13 hours x 60 minutes/1 hour =3D 780 minutes

852 minutes to hours

852 minutes x 1 hour/60 minutes =3D 14.2 hours

41

Examples: Convert the following=

200 cm to inches

200 cm x 2.54 cm/1 inch =3D 78.74 inches

150 pounds to kg

150 pounds x .45 kg/1 pound =3D 67.5 kg

28 liters to gallons

28 liters x 1 gallon/3.8 liters =3D 7.37 gallons

575 g to ounces

575 g x 1 ounce/28 g =3D 20.54 g

42

Examples: Convert the following=

12 miles to km

12 miles x 1.6 km/1 mile =3D 19.2 km

5.5 feet to cm

5.5 feet x 30cm/1 foot =3D 165 cm

3.5 liters to quarts

3.5 liters x 1 quart/.95 liters =3D 3.68 quarts

55 miles per hour to km per hour

55 miles per hour x 1.6 km/1 mile =3D 88 km per hour

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	1) 1 m x 1.5 m x 2.4 m =3D 3.6= m³
	2) 1 m³ =3D 100 cm = x 100 cm x 100 cm =3D 1,000,000 cm³.
	3.6 m³ =3D 3.6 x 1,000,000 cm³ =3D 3,600,000 cm³.
	3,600,000 cm³ =3D 3,600,000 ml.
	3,600,000 ml =3D 3,600 liters.


	You wouldn’t want to represent the distance from NY to Los Angeles in meters (km). You wouldnR= 17;t want to represent an amount of medicine in a fraction of a liter (ml).

1	The Metric Syste= m Chapter 8
2	Basic Terms and Conversions within the Metric System Section 8.1
3	Metric System A system of measurement used throughout most of the world (except US= )
4	Advantages Accepted as a standard system of measurement world-wide One basic unit of measurement for each type of quantity (as opposed = to yards, feet, inches, etc.) Base 10, therefore conversions are easy
5	Base Units of Me= asure Meter: Basic unit of l= ength Gram: Basic unit of ma= ss Liter: Basic unit of l= iquid volume Degrees Celsius: Basic= unit of temperature
6	Different Units = of Measure: Prefixes Metric system uses prefixes with the base units to create different units of measurement Units created with prefixes are related to the base unit (exp: centimeters and kilometers = rather than inches and miles) Used to represent measurements that are very large or very small
7	Metric Prefixes<= /a>
8	Multiplying by P= owers of Ten (10, 100, 1000, etc.) Count the number of zeros in the power of 10 Move the decimal point that many places to the right Examples
9	Dividing by Powe= rs of Ten (Multiplying by 1/10, 1/100, 1/1000, etc.) Count the number of zeros in the power of 10 Move the decimal point that many places to the left Examples
10	Conversion of U= nits with Prefixes The metric system is based on the number 10 It is very easy to convert between units with prefixes
11	Converting from= a Smaller Unit to a Larger Unit Determine the number of “steps” between prefixes Move the decimal that number of places to the left Note: You are converti= ng to a smaller number
12	Converting from= a Larger Unit to a Smaller Unit Determine the number of “steps” between prefixes Move the decimal that number of places to the right Note: You are converti= ng to a larger number
13	Examples: Convert the following= 14,386.24 m to km 14.38624 km 1.3629 dm to cm 13.629 cm .59 dal to dl 59 dl 18,960 hg to g 1,896,000 g
14	Examples: Convert the following= 300,000 dg to kg 30 kg .00031 km to mm 310 mm 5090 cl to hl .509 hl 380,000 mm to dm 3800 dm
15	Length, Area an= d Volume Section 8.2
16	Length One-dimensional measurement Meter: Basic unit of l= ength; replaces yards or feet Kilometer: Replaces mi= les Centimeters: Replaces = inches Millimeters: Replaces fractional parts of inches
17	Area Two-dimensional measurement Square Meter: Replaces square yards or square feet Square Centimeter: Rep= laces square inches Square Kilometer: Repl= aces square miles
18	Examples: Convert the following= How many square inches in a square foot? 1 foot =3D 12 inches (1 ft)² =3D (12 in)² 1 ft² =3D 144 in² How many square feet in a 4 square yards? 1 yard =3D 3 feet (1 yd)² =3D (3 ft)² 1 yd² =3D 9 ft² 4 x 1 yd² =3D 4 x 9 ft² 4 yd² =3D 36 ft²
19	Examples: Convert the following= How many square centimeters in a square meter? 1 m =3D 100 cm (1 m)² =3D (100 cm)² 1 m² =3D 10,000 cm² How many square meters in 5 square kilometers? 1 km =3D 1000 m (1 km)² =3D (1000 m)² 1 km² =3D 1,000,000 m² 5 x 1 km² =3D 5 x 1,000,000 m² 5 km² =3D 5,000,000 m²
20	Volume: Three-dimensional measurement Units used to measure volume depend on whether the quantity measured= is liquid or solid (same as with our system of measure)
21	Volume of Liqui= ds Liter: Replaces pints, quarts, or gallons Milliliter: Replaces o= unces (drug dosages) Note: Liters are not expressed as a cubic measurement; therefore conversions are easy
22	Volume of Solid= s Cubic Meters: Replaces= cubic feet or cubic yards Note: Conversions of = cubic measurements are more difficult
23	Examples: Convert the following= How many cubic centimeters in a cubic meter? 1 m =3D 100 cm (1 m)³ =3D (100 cm)³ 1 m³ =3D 1,000,000 cm³ How many cubic millimeters in 18.5 cubic centimeters? 1 cm =3D 10 mm (1 cm)³ =3D (10 mm)³ 1 cm³ =3D 1000 cm³ 18.5 x 1 cm³ =3D 18.5 x 1000 mm³ 18.5 cm³ =3D 18,500 mm³
24	Converting Betw= een Liquid and Solid Volume Calculate the solid volume If necessary, convert the solid volume to a “cross-over point” (cm3, dm3, or m3) Convert to the equivalent number of milliliters, liters, or kilolit= ers Convert to the desired units for liquid volume
25	A lobster tank = measures 1m by 1.5m by 2.4m Determine the volume of the tank in cubic meters Determine the volume in liters 1 m x 1.5 m x 2.4 m =3D 3.6 m³ Already at the cross-over point of m³ 3.6 m³ =3D 3.6 kl 3.6 kl =3D 3600 liters
26	A sink measures= 3dm by 2dm by 2dm Determine the volume of the sink in cubic decimeters Determine the volume in deciliters 3 dm x 2 dm x 2 dm =3D 12 dm³ Already at the cross-over point of dm³ 12 dm³ =3D 12 l 12 l =3D 120 dl
27	Mass and Temper= ature Section 8.3
28	Mass= Measure of amount of matter in an object (Weight, on the other hand, is the measure of gravitational pull on = an object)
29	Gram: The basic unit of mass Gram: Replaces ounces<= /li> Milligram: Very small;= often used to measure medicine Kilogram: Replaces pou= nds Metric Tonne: 1000 kilograms; replaces tons
30	Relationship of= Volume and Mass
31	An aquarium mea= sures 80cm by 60cm by 50cm Determine the volume of the aquarium in cubic centimeters Determine the volume in liters Determine the mass of water in hectograms 80 cm x 60 cm x 50 cm =3D 240,000 cm³ 240,000 cm³ =3D 240,000 ml 240,000 ml =3D 240 l 240 l =3D 240 kg (of water) 240 kg =3D 2400 hg
32	An art-deco vase measures 2dm by .5dm by .5dm Determine the volume of the vase in cubic decimeters Determine the volume in deciliters Determine the mass of water in grams 2 dm x .5 dm x .5 dm =3D .5 dm³ .5 dm³ =3D .5 l .5 l =3D 5 dl .5 l =3D .5 kg .5 kg =3D 500 grams
33	Temperature= Celsius Scale: Measures temperature in the metric system Freezing point of water: 0° Celsius, 32° Fahrenheit Boiling point of water: 100° Celsius, 212° Fahrenheit
34	Conversions= F =3D ⁹/₅C + 32 C =3D ⁵/₉(F – 32) Note: There are paren= thesis in only one conversion
35	Examples: Convert the following= 92°F → °C C =3D ⁵/₉(F – 32) =3D ⁵/9(92 – 32) =3D ⁵/₉(60) =3D 33.33°C 15°C → °F F =3D ⁹/₅C + 32 =3D ⁹/₅= 15 + 32 =3D 27 + 32 =3D 59°F 98.6°F → °C C =3D ⁵/₉(F – 32) =3D ⁵/9(98.6 – 32) =3D ⁵/₉(66.6) =3D 37°C 71°C → °F F =3D ⁹/₅C + 32=3D ⁹/₅7= 1 + 32 =3D 127.8 + 32 =3D 159.8°F
36	Conversions To = and From The Metric System Section 8.4
37	Unit Fraction A fraction in which the numerator and denominator contain different units and the value of the fraction is 1 Used to convert a measurement from one unit to a different unit Created by using two equal measurements
38	Examples of Unit Fractions 1 foot =3D 12 inches 1 foot OR 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot 1 gallon =3D 128 ounces 1 gallon OR 128 ounces 128 ounces 1 gallon 1 hour =3D 60 minutes 1 hour OR 60 minutes 60 minutes 1 hour
39	Examples: Convert the following= 15 feet to inches 15 feet x 12 inches/1 foot =3D 180 inches 336 inches to feet 336 inches x 1 foot/ 12 inches =3D 28 feet 19.5 gallons to ounces 19.5 gallons x 128 ounces/1 gallon =3D 2496 ounces
40	Examples: Convert the following= 1056 ounces to gallons 1056 ounces x 1 gallon/128 ounces =3D 8.25 gallons 13 hours to minutes 13 hours x 60 minutes/1 hour =3D 780 minutes 852 minutes to hours 852 minutes x 1 hour/60 minutes =3D 14.2 hours
41	Examples: Convert the following= 200 cm to inches 200 cm x 2.54 cm/1 inch =3D 78.74 inches 150 pounds to kg 150 pounds x .45 kg/1 pound =3D 67.5 kg 28 liters to gallons 28 liters x 1 gallon/3.8 liters =3D 7.37 gallons 575 g to ounces 575 g x 1 ounce/28 g =3D 20.54 g
42	Examples: Convert the following= 12 miles to km 12 miles x 1.6 km/1 mile =3D 19.2 km 5.5 feet to cm 5.5 feet x 30cm/1 foot =3D 165 cm 3.5 liters to quarts 3.5 liters x 1 quart/.95 liters =3D 3.68 quarts 55 miles per hour to km per hour 55 miles per hour x 1.6 km/1 mile =3D 88 km per hour