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Name
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DUE:
Applying Research Methods (PSYC409, 2007)
Searching the Literature
The first purpose
of this exercise is to help you acquire some basic skills needed to
locate and use the psychological literature effectively and confidently.
A second purpose is to start you on a literature search for your
independent project for this class. You will use an online index:
PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES. You can access this index from the Stevenson
Library web page
www.lhup.edu/library/home.htm. PsycINFO and PSYCARTICLES are
accessed through EBSCOhost (On upper right hand side of library webpage,
click on arrow next to Popular Links, then click on EBSCOhost.)
The American
Psychological Association (APA) has guide for searching PsycINFO with
tips for making the most of your search
http://www.apa.org/psycinfo/training/ebsco-host.pdf
If you have trouble
locating references while at the library, please ask a reference
librarian for help. The librarians are trained in doing research and
are there to help you.
At the end of this
exercise you should have:
·
Three references
identified through PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES.
·
References from one articles you
find.
·
Identified key researcher(s)
·
Other indexes you think might be
useful in your literature search.
1.
Select a research topic of interest to you. Ideally, your topic
is related to a phenomenon or behavior that you are interested in
investigating and will be the basis of your second research project. If
you plan on working with other students on the second course project,
you should consult with them about a topic beforehand. If you are
unable to think of a topic at this time, you can choose the topic from
the first class project. Write you research topic below.
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________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Access PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES. (Web
pages change a lot. So some directions in this
assignment may have to slightly modified to fit a change in a web
site.)
·
After logging on to the
internet, go to the Stevenson Library homepage
www.lhup.edu/library/home.htm On the upper left-hand corner click
on the down arrow next to “Popular Links”, then click on EBSCOhost
·
A list of databases will
come up. There are times when you may use one or more of these
databases, but for this assignment you will use PsycINFO and
PsycARTICLES only.
·
Select PsycINFO and
PsycARTICLES by clicking on the boxes in front the words PsycINFO and
PsycARTICLES. Make sure only PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES are selected.
You may have to click to unselect Academic Search Premier. Then click
the Continue button to start your search.
·
PsycINFO is a more
complete database than PsycARTICLES. PsycARTICLES is convenient because
it provides full-text articles, but PsycINFO can help you find relevant
research that is available from non-web sources, e.g., journals in the
library and through inter-library loan.
3. Identify key terms using PsycINFO
thesaurus.
·
PsycINFO has an online
thesaurus. PsycINFO uses a controlled vocabulary to index research. If
you do not use the thesaurus to identify terms, your search will be much
less effective.
·
The underlined word
“Thesaurus” should appear on a green bar near the top of the page.
Click on the word. (If the word
“thesaurus” is not there, you may be searching more than one database.
Go back and make sure that only PsycINFO and/or PsycARTICLES are
selected on EBSCOhost.)
·
Before you enter any
search words, notice that the first term listed is Abandonment. Words
in the thesaurus are sometimes accompanied by a Scope Note (short
definition of the term), Used for (term replaces an old term),
Use (term is no longer used, so use the newer term), Related
Terms, Narrower Terms, or Broader Terms.
·
Type in a term in the
Browse for box and click on the Browse button. Do not click
Search.
Browse is for searching the thesaurus,
Search searches PsycINFO for articles.
·
Use the thesaurus to
identify key terms that best describe your research area. Write the
key words below. (You may need to revise this list as your search
progresses as you discover that some keywords are more relevant to your
topic than others.)
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______________________________________________________________________________
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Note: When you find an article that is
relevant to your topic, check the keywords that are listed with the
abstract. Using these keywords may lead you to other articles of
interest.
4.
Search PsycINFO for relevant sources.
Click on the round
Search button at the top of
the
page. Now type in a key term in the
Find box and click on the blue Search button.
If
your search yields a large number of citations you may need to narrow or
limit your search. You can do this by clicking on Refine Search
button that appears near top of page next to the page numbers. Then
click on Guided Search in middle of green strip near top of page.
You can add additional terms to search. Expert Search (also on
green strip) lets you limit your search to certain populations, types of
literature, year of publication etc. If your search yields few
citations you may need to broaden your search, you can click on the
Expand Your Search box on the right side of the main search page.
Notice that other
round buttons at top let you search in different ways. For example, you
can search by author.
It is often useful
to use Boolean terms such as “and”, “or” to either narrow or broaden
your search. Many people find the use of these terms confusing. To
help you use these terms a guide to Boolean logic from the APA guide to
search PsycINFO is attached to this assignment.
http://www.apa.org/psycinfo/training/ebsco-host.pdf
5.
Read the citation and the abstract to determine if the source is
relevant to your topic. Also check for keywords that you didn’t
originally have in your list. You may want to incorporate these words
in your search.
6.
Provide information about three articles you found to be
of interest and seem relevant to your topic. Eliminate those articles
that are written in a foreign language or are dissertations.
#1.
Author(s):
______________________________________________________________________
Title:
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Journal, year
published, volume, and pages:
____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Is article
available in the library, on-line, or through inter-library loan? (See
the next item for
instructions on how to determine this.) If the journal is
available in the library, supply the call number.
____________________________________________________________________________________
#2.
Author(s):
______________________________________________________________________
Title:
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Journal, year
published, volume, and pages:
___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Is article
available in the library, on-line, or through inter-library loan? (See
the next item for
instructions on how to determine this.) If the journal is
available in the library, supply the call number.
____________________________________________________________________________________
#3.
Author(s):
______________________________________________________________________
Title:
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Journal, year
published, volume, and pages:
____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Is article
available in the library, on-line, or through inter-library loan? (See
the next item for
instructions on how to determine this.) If the journal is
available in the library, supply the call number.
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Determine if
the library has the articles of interest or if it is available in full
text on the web. Using PILOT
(library's on-line catalog) determine if the library has the journal and
the appropriate volume for each of your articles. Access PILOT by
clicking on “Find Books and More” on left side of Library homepage; then
click on “PILOT”.) You can also use the LHU Journal Finder to see if a
journal has articles on-line. Access by clicking on “Find an Article or
Journal”; then click on “LHU Journal Finder”.
Go back to item #6
and right in the relevant information for each article. If the journal
is available in Stevenson Library, write the call number down. If the
article is available on the web, or the full text version is linked
indicate this (You’ll want to print out at least one of the relevant
articles). If article is not available on-line or in the library, you
can request the article through inter-library loan.
8.
a) Locate one of the articles on your list. Look through the
references of the article and identify at least two other articles that
would be of interest. This is called “treeing” backward through
the references. Write down the complete reference as it appears in the
original article. You may be interested to know that the library now
has Interlibrary Loan Forms on-line
You must attach a
copy of the article to this assignment.
#1. Author(s):
______________________________________________________________________
Title:
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Journal, year
published, volume, and pages:
____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
#2. Author(s):
______________________________________________________________________
Title:
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Journal, year
published, volume, and pages:
____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Also note whether
or not any particular author’s names appear more than once in the
references of the article. Do any researchers appear more than once
among the list of 3 articles you found in PsycINFO? These authors may
be key researchers in your area of interest. Write down the
researchers' names below.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
9.
In addition to PSYCINFO there are other indexes available through the
library. Are there any other indexes you think might have information
that is relevant to your topic?
________________________________________________________________________________
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Search Tips: A Primer on Boolean Logic
OR…the basics of AND, OR, and NOT
Ever wonder
why some search statements say AND, some say OR, and others say
NOT? These are known as Boolean logic operators, and they
determine what the search system looks for when you combine
concepts or search statements.
There are 3
primary Boolean logic operators: AND, OR, and NOT. AND narrows
your search, OR broadens your search, and NOT is used to exclude
concepts. We'll describe these logical operators in more detail
below, and you can view the brief
Examples of Boolean Logic at the end of this page.
AND
Use the AND
logical operator when you want to narrow your search. The AND
operator requires that all the concepts you've requested are
present in the records retrieved. In other words, if you type
“cats AND dogs,” you will get records where both cats and dogs
are part of the study population. You won't get records dealing
only with cats.
OR
Use the OR
logical operator when you want to broaden your search or when
you want to include synonyms of your main search term. The OR
operator requires that any of the concepts you've requested are
present in the records retrieved. In other words, if you type
“cats OR dogs,” you will get records where either cats or dogs,
or both, are part of the study population. To get the most
retrieval, you might want to include “kittens” and “puppies” as
synonyms for cats and dogs in your search statement:
“cats OR kittens OR dogs OR puppies”
NOT
Use the NOT
logical operator when you want to exclude concepts from your
search. The NOT operator requires that whatever comes after the
NOT operator is not present in the records you retrieve. In
other words, if you type “cats NOT dogs,” you will get records
that discuss cats, excluding records that discuss dogs.
Be very
careful using the NOT operator! You could miss an article that
might be just what you're looking for. For example, if you're
interested in why people like cats, and you type “cats NOT
dogs,” you would not get the following article:
Personality
characteristics of dog and cat persons
The order of
your search statement is important when using the NOT operator.
Be sure to list the concepts you want BEFORE you list the
concepts you don't want.
Examples of Boolean Logic
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Shaded areas indicate retrieval |
Search Statement |
Types of records retrieved |
Number of records retrieved |
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stress OR anxiety |
Documents that discuss
either stress or anxiety |
1127 |
|

|
stress AND anxiety |
Documents that discuss
both stress and anxiety |
51 |
|

|
stress NOT anxiety |
Documents that discuss
stress but not anxiety |
687 |
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