Name _______________________________________________

 

DUE:

Applying Research Methods (PSYC409, 2007)
Searching the Literature 

The first purpose of this exercise is to help you acquire some basic skills needed to locate and use the psychological literature effectively and confidently.  A second purpose is to start you on a literature search for your independent project for this class.  You will use an online index: PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES.  You can access this index from the Stevenson Library web page www.lhup.edu/library/home.htm.  PsycINFO and PSYCARTICLES are accessed through EBSCOhost (On upper right hand side of library webpage, click on arrow next to Popular Links, then click on EBSCOhost.) 

The American Psychological Association (APA) has guide for searching PsycINFO with  tips for making the most of your search http://www.apa.org/psycinfo/training/ebsco-host.pdf 

If you have trouble locating references while at the library, please ask a reference librarian for help.  The librarians are trained in doing research and are there to help you. 
 

At the end of this exercise you should have: 

·        Three references identified through PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES.
·       
References from one articles you find.
·       
Identified key researcher(s)
·       
Other indexes you think might be useful in your literature search.

  

1.  Select a research topic of interest to you.  Ideally, your topic is related to a phenomenon or behavior that you are interested in investigating and will be the basis of your second research project. If you plan on working with other students on the second course project, you should consult with them about a topic beforehand.  If you are unable to think of a topic at this time, you can choose the topic from the first class project.  Write you research topic below.  

________________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________________________________________

 

2.  Access PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES.  (Web pages change a lot. So some directions in this
     assignment may have to slightly modified to fit a change in a web site.)

·        After logging on to the internet, go to the Stevenson Library homepage www.lhup.edu/library/home.htm    On the upper left-hand corner click on the down arrow next to “Popular Links”, then click on EBSCOhost

·        A list of databases will come up.  There are times when you may use one or more of these databases, but for this assignment you will use PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES only.

·        Select PsycINFO  and PsycARTICLES by clicking on the boxes in front the words PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES. Make sure only PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES are selected.  You may have to click to unselect Academic Search Premier. Then click the Continue button to start your search. 

·        PsycINFO is a more complete database than PsycARTICLES.  PsycARTICLES is convenient because it provides full-text articles, but PsycINFO can help you find relevant research that is available from non-web sources, e.g., journals in the library and through inter-library loan.  

3.  Identify key terms using PsycINFO thesaurus.

·        PsycINFO has an online thesaurus. PsycINFO uses a controlled vocabulary to index research.  If you do not use the thesaurus to identify terms, your search will be much less effective.

·        The underlined word “Thesaurus” should appear on a green bar near the top of the page.  Click on the word. (If the word “thesaurus” is not there, you may be searching more than one database.  Go back and make sure that only PsycINFO and/or PsycARTICLES are selected on EBSCOhost.) 

·        Before you enter any search words, notice that the first term listed is Abandonment.  Words in the thesaurus are sometimes accompanied by a Scope Note (short definition of the term), Used for (term replaces an old term), Use (term is no longer used, so use the newer term), Related Terms, Narrower Terms,  or Broader Terms.

·        Type in a term in the Browse for box and click on the Browse button.  Do not click Search  Browse is for searching the thesaurus, Search searches PsycINFO for articles.

·         Use the thesaurus to identify key terms that best describe your research area. Write the key words below.   (You may need to revise this list as your search progresses as you discover that some keywords are more relevant to your topic than others.)

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

 Note:  When you find an article that is relevant to your topic, check the keywords that are listed with the abstract.  Using these keywords may lead you to other articles of interest.

 4.  Search PsycINFO for relevant sources.  Click on the round Search button at the top of the page.  Now type in a key term in the Find box and click on the blue Search button.

 If your search yields a large number of citations you may need to narrow or limit your search. You can do this by clicking on Refine Search button that appears near top of page next to the page numbers. Then click on Guided Search in middle of green strip near top of page. You can add additional terms to search.  Expert Search (also on green strip) lets you limit your search to certain populations, types of literature, year of publication etc.    If your search yields few citations you may need to broaden your search, you can click on the Expand Your Search box on the right side of the main search page.   

Notice that other round buttons at top let you search in different ways.  For example, you can search by author.  

It is often useful to use Boolean terms such as “and”, “or” to either narrow or broaden your search.  Many people find the use of these terms confusing.  To help you use these terms a guide to Boolean logic from the APA guide to search PsycINFO is attached to this assignment. http://www.apa.org/psycinfo/training/ebsco-host.pdf 

5.  Read the citation and the abstract to determine if the source is relevant to your topic.  Also check for keywords that you didn’t originally have in your list.  You may want to incorporate these words in your search.  

6.  Provide information about three articles you found to be of interest and seem relevant to your topic.  Eliminate those articles that are written in a foreign language or are dissertations 

#1.  Author(s): ______________________________________________________________________ 

     Title: __________________________________________________________________________ 

      _______________________________________________________________________________ 

      _______________________________________________________________________________ 

     Journal, year published, volume, and pages: ____________________________________________

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

      Is article available in the library, on-line, or through inter-library loan?  (See the next item for 
      instructions on how to determine this.)  If the journal is available in the library, supply the call number.  

     ____________________________________________________________________________________

 

#2.  Author(s): ______________________________________________________________________ 

     Title: __________________________________________________________________________ 

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

     Journal, year published, volume, and pages: ___________________________________________

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

      Is article available in the library, on-line, or through inter-library loan?  (See the next item for 
      instructions on how to determine this.)  If the journal is available in the library, supply the call number.  

     ____________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

#3.  Author(s): ______________________________________________________________________ 

     Title: __________________________________________________________________________ 

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

     Journal, year published, volume, and pages: ____________________________________________

      _______________________________________________________________________________ 

      Is article available in the library, on-line, or through inter-library loan?  (See the next item for 
      instructions on how to determine this.)  If the journal is available in the library, supply the call number.  

     ____________________________________________________________________________________ 

   

7.  Determine if the library has the articles of interest or if it is available in full text on the web.  Using PILOT (library's on-line catalog) determine if the library has the journal and the appropriate volume for each of your articles.  Access PILOT by clicking on “Find Books and More” on left side of Library homepage; then click on “PILOT”.)  You can also use the LHU Journal Finder to see if a journal has articles on-line.  Access by clicking on “Find an Article or Journal”; then click on “LHU Journal Finder”. 

Go back to item #6 and right in the relevant information for each article. If the journal is available in Stevenson Library, write the call number down.  If the article is available on the web, or the full text version is linked indicate this (You’ll want to print out at least one of the relevant articles).   If article is not available on-line or in the library, you can request the article through inter-library loan. 

8.  a) Locate one of the articles on your list.  Look through the references of the article and identify at least two other articles that would be of interest. This is called “treeing” backward through the references. Write down the complete reference as it appears in the original article.  You may be interested to know that the library now has Interlibrary Loan Forms on-line 

You must attach a copy of the article to this assignment.  

#1.  Author(s): ______________________________________________________________________ 

     Title: __________________________________________________________________________ 

      _______________________________________________________________________________ 

     Journal, year published, volume, and pages: ____________________________________________

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

#2.  Author(s): ______________________________________________________________________ 

     Title: __________________________________________________________________________ 

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

     Journal, year published, volume, and pages: ____________________________________________

      ______________________________________________________________________________ 

Also note whether or not any particular author’s names appear more than once in the references of the article.  Do any researchers appear more than once among the list of 3 articles you found in PsycINFO?    These authors may be key researchers in your area of interest.  Write down the researchers' names below.           

________________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________________________________________ 

 9.  In addition to PSYCINFO there are other indexes available through the library.  Are there any other indexes you think might have information that is relevant to your topic? 

________________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________________________________________

 

Search Tips: A Primer on Boolean Logic

OR…the basics of AND, OR, and NOT

Ever wonder why some search statements say AND, some say OR, and others say NOT? These are known as Boolean logic operators, and they determine what the search system looks for when you combine concepts or search statements.

There are 3 primary Boolean logic operators: AND, OR, and NOT. AND narrows your search, OR broadens your search, and NOT is used to exclude concepts. We'll describe these logical operators in more detail below, and you can view the brief Examples of Boolean Logic at the end of this page.

AND

Use the AND logical operator when you want to narrow your search. The AND operator requires that all the concepts you've requested are present in the records retrieved. In other words, if you type “cats AND dogs,” you will get records where both cats and dogs are part of the study population. You won't get records dealing only with cats.

OR

Use the OR logical operator when you want to broaden your search or when you want to include synonyms of your main search term. The OR operator requires that any of the concepts you've requested are present in the records retrieved. In other words, if you type “cats OR dogs,” you will get records where either cats or dogs, or both, are part of the study population. To get the most retrieval, you might want to include “kittens” and “puppies” as synonyms for cats and dogs in your search statement:
“cats OR kittens OR dogs OR puppies”

NOT

Use the NOT logical operator when you want to exclude concepts from your search. The NOT operator requires that whatever comes after the NOT operator is not present in the records you retrieve. In other words, if you type “cats NOT dogs,” you will get records that discuss cats, excluding records that discuss dogs.

Be very careful using the NOT operator! You could miss an article that might be just what you're looking for. For example, if you're interested in why people like cats, and you type “cats NOT dogs,” you would not get the following article:

Personality characteristics of dog and cat persons

The order of your search statement is important when using the NOT operator. Be sure to list the concepts you want BEFORE you list the concepts you don't want.

Examples of Boolean Logic

Shaded areas indicate retrieval

Search Statement

Types of records retrieved

Number of records retrieved

example of "or" operator

stress OR anxiety

Documents that discuss
either stress or anxiety

1127

example of "and" operator

stress AND anxiety

Documents that discuss
both stress and anxiety

51

example of "not" operator

stress NOT anxiety

Documents that discuss
stress but not anxiety

687