Adam Lamay
Communications/Journalism
Introduction:
This web page is designed to inform the reader about the many different aspects of non-alcoholic beverages, their histories, roles in society, benefits, markets and all other important aspects. Non-Alcoholic beverages play a large role in our daily lives but we really never take the time to examine their backgrounds. After reading this webpage I hope you gain more knowledge about these beverages and an understand of all of their many aspects. The beverages I will be covering in the web page are, water, coffee, tea, milk, soft drinks, and the importance of fruit/sport drinks to our body.
Hydrologic Cycle:
According to the webster dictionary the hydrologic cycle is the sequence of conditions through which water passes from vapor in the atmosphere through precipitation upon land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the atmosphere as a result of evaporation and transpiration.
Now that we have a basic understanding on how water works on earth, lets take a look at water to us as humans, the following information is provided by Roger and Cynthia Gallimore, national water distributors since 1997.(13)
Water is a fundamental part of our lives. It is easy to forget how much we depend on it. Human survival is dependent on water -- water has been ranked by experts as second only to oxygen as essential for life. The average adult body is 55 to 75% water. 2/3 of your body weight is water (40 to 50 quarts). A human embryo is more than 80% water. A newborn baby is 74% water. Everyday your body must replace 2 1/2 quarts of water. The Water you drink literally becomes you! Since such a large percentage of our bodies is water, water must obviously figure heavily in how our bodies function. We need lots of fresh water to stay healthy. Aside from aiding in digestion and absorption of food, water regulates body temperature and blood circulation, carries nutrients and oxygen to cells, and removes toxins and other wastes. This "body water" also cushions joints and protects tissues and organs, including the spinal cord, from shock and damage. Conversely, lack of water (dehydration) can be the cause of many ailments. In his book, "Your bodies many cries for water, Dr. Fereydoon Batmanghelidj noted that chronic dehydration may cause certain problems for the body, including hypertension, asthma, allergies, and migraine headaches.
Every process in our body occurs in a water medium. We can exist without food for 2 months or more, but we can only survive for a few days without water.
Most people don't drink enough water. The body responds to this water deficiency in a variety of ways, which we frequently see as illnesses. When, many symptoms decrease. Ongoing dehydration may cause actual disease as the body struggles to maintain itself with insufficient water.
Consumers are taking matters into their own hands and are now determining the quality of the water they and their families will drink by installing a drinking water system that will give them clean, refreshing, and healthier water.
According to Whitney and Hamilton's Nutrition, "soft water appears to contribute to a higher incidence of hypertension and heart disease in areas where it is used. Hard water may oppose these conditions."
Dehydration leads to excess body fat, poor muscle tone & size, decreased digestive efficiency & organ function, increased toxicity, joint & muscle soreness, & water retention. Water works to keep muscles and skin toned.
An "acid stomach" will respond to hydration.
Constipation is a frequent symptom of dehydration. Increased water, along with increased fiber, will usually totally eliminate a problem.
Gastritis, duodenitis, pain from ulcers & heartburn all decrease with increased water intake. Water eliminates toxins & waste from the body.
The body's signals of dehydration are frequently joint pain, stomach pain & ulcers, back pain, low energy, mental confusion & disorientation. Numerous disease symptoms respond to increased water intake.
Asthma is frequently relieved when water intake is increased. Histamine plays a key role in regulating the way the body uses & distributes water & helps control the body' s defense mechanisms. In asthmatics, histamine level increases with dehydration. Our defense for the body is to close down the airways.
The actively growing blood cells in the bone marrow take priority over the cartilage for the available water that goes through the bone structure.
Rheumatoid joint pain frequently decreases with increased water intake & flexing exercises to bring more circulation to the joints.
With dehydration, the level of energy generation in the brain is decreased. Depression & chronic fatigue syndrome are frequently results of dehydration.
Migraine headaches may be an indicator of critical body temperature regulation at times of "heat stress." Dehydration plays a major role in bringing on migraines. Dehydration causes stress & stress causes further dehydration.
Pregnancy
Not only is it important to drink enough water, the quality of the water consumed is of paramount concern. Many studies have shown that water contamination risks are greatly increased in infants, due to their size and stage of development, with their brains and bodies being formed.
Other Beverages also contain dehydrating agents. They may actually reduce the water reserves in the body! Drinking other beverages to the exclusion of water also causes you to lose your taste for water. This is particularly true with children as they become dependent on Sodas & juices.
An active, athletic person needs 2/3 ounce per pound which is 13-14 8 ounce glasses a day if you're 160 pounds. The more you exercise the more water you need. Spread out your water intake throughout the day. Do not drink more than 4 glasses within any given hour. After a few weeks your bladder calms down & you will urinate less frequently, but in larger amounts.
The History of Tea and its cultural aspects:
It is said that tea began over four and a half thousand years ago. Chinese mythology says that in 2737 BC the Chinese Emperor, Shen Nung, was sitting beneath a tree while he was having his drinking water boiled. A leaf from the tree happened to drop into his boiling water and so he decided to try it anyway. The tree was a wild tea tree. With this, tea was created.
By the third century AD tea was beginning to be well know throughout the world as a healthy, refreshing drink. Many stories were being told about the benefits of tea drinking, but tea wasn't nationally known as China's national drink until the Tang Dynasty in 618 A.D.
Tea in cultures and society:
From china, tea was sent to Japan by Buddhist priest who used tea as a spiritual and religous meditation. Yeisei, a Buddhist priest from china is now known as the "father of tea" because of his spreading of its value and benefits. Tea was used in Japanese Tea Ceremonies, an art in the serving and making of a cup of tea. Eventually tea arrived in Europe and Queen Elizabeth the first made it known as the wealthy mans drink and played a big role in the high class society of Europe. By 1650 the Dutch were involved in tea trade throughout the western world. Peter Stuyvesant was said to have brought the first tea to America to the colonists in the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdamn. From here, tea began to be a very large economic booster for many countries who were lucky enough to be able to grow it. Great Britian was the last country to break into the tea trade routes. It quickly replaced ale as the national drink of England. The importance of tea in societies were noticeable all over the world with Scottish and English tea cuisines, tea and coffee houses, tea gardens, Russian tea traditions and many other traditions throughout the world.
The John Company:
The John Company was granted the unbelievably wide monopoly of all trade east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of Cape Horn. Its powers were almost without limit and included among others the right to:
It was the single largest, most powerful monopoly to ever exist in the world. And its power was based on the importation of tea. (StashTea.com)
Tea and the American Revolution:
"England had recently completed the French and Indian War, fought, from England's point of view, to free the colony from French influence and stabilize trade. It was the feeling of Parliament that as a result, it was not unreasonable that the colonists shoulder the majority of the cost. After all, the war had been fought for their benefit. Charles Townshend presented the first tax measures which today are known by his name. They imposed a higher tax on newspapers (which they considered far too outspoken in America), tavern licenses (too much free speech there), legal documents, marriage licenses, and docking papers. The colonists rebelled against taxes imposed upon them without their consent and which were so repressive. New, heavier taxes were leveled by Parliament for such rebellion. Among these was, in June 1767, the tea tax that was to become the watershed of America's desire for freedom. (Townshend died three months later of a fever never to know his tax measures helped create a free nation.)
The colonists rebelled and openly purchased imported tea, largely Dutch in origin. The John company, already in deep financial trouble saw its profits fall even further. By 1773 the John Company merged with the East India Company for structural stability and pleaded with the Crown for assistance. The new Lord of the Treasury, Lord North, as a response to this pressure, granted to the new Company permission to sell directly to the colonists, by-passing the colonial merchants and pocketing the difference. In plotting this strategy, England was counting on the well known passion among American women for tea to force consumption. It was a major miscalculation. Throughout the colonies, women pledged publicly at meetings and in newspapers not to drink English sold tea until their free rights (and those of their merchant husbands) were restored."
(20)The Boston Tea Party:
The Boston Tea Party is famous in the history of American Independence. As an early example of American rebellion against British Rule, it represents one of the significant events leading ultimately to the American War of Independence.
On December 16, 1773, between thirty and sixty men, disguised as Native American Indians, boarded ships owned by the British East India Company. Once aboard, they smashed open the tea cargoes from wooden chests and threw them into the sea. Washed up on shore next morning, the cargo was of course worthless. Other ports followed suit: and every patriotic American gave up tea drinking and turned to coffee.
So what led to this incident?
The British Government at the time was levying tax on imported products such as tea to raise money for the military and other government services . At that time, tea drinking was as popular in the American colonies as it was in Britain. Americans were outraged by the imposition by Lord North of tax on tea in both Britain and America as well as the lack of American representation in the British Parliament, giving rise to the famous slogan "No taxation without representation."
At the same time, the Tea Act of 1773 gave the East India Company the right to ship tea from China directly to America. This was enacted to counter the American practice of buying (and sometimes smuggling) tea in from Holland and even direct from China via the Dutch, a practice which reduced trade for the East India Company. This Act put many American tea importers out of business as they incurred a tax the locals didn't want. The Americans decided that the British had interfered once too often and the Boston Tea Party took place. (Microsoft Encarta)(24)
Health Benefits of Tea:
J.L. Bushman states in his book "Green Tea and cancer in humans" that the health benefits of tea have been recieving much attention in the media lately. Several substances classified as antioxidants are found in tea and these are the components that are able to combine with unstable oxygen molecules in the body. These molecules have been shown to cause cellular damage and DNA damage. With these damages, many health problems may develop. The antioxidants that help the body in tea are vitamins C and E. But other some other antioxidants that are found in tea are said to me much more powerful than these two vitamins. Research has shown that non-oxidized tea such as green, white and yellow teas contain the highest amount of antioxidants. Other components of tea that are healthy to the body are amino acids, caffeine and minerals. The properties of these components are cancer protection, cardiovascular benefits, the immune system, anit-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-viral and they also prevent tooth decay.(19)
The history of coffee timeline: (UTNE Reader,Nov/Dec 94) (16)
Prior to 1000 A.D.: Members
of the Galla tribe in Ethiopia notice that they get an energy boost when they
eat a certain berry, ground up and mixed with animal fat.
1000 A.D.:
Arab traders bring coffee back to their homeland and cultivate the plant for the
first time on plantations. They also began to boil the beans, creating a drink
they call "qahwa" (literally, that which prevents sleep).
1453: Coffee
is introduced to Constantinople by Ottoman Turks. The world's first coffee shop,
Kiva Han, open there in 1475. Turkish law makes it legal for a woman to divorce
her husband if he fail to provide her with her daily quota of coffee.
1511: Khair Beg, the corrupt governor of Mecca, tries to ban coffee for
feat that its influence might foster opposition to his rule. The sultan sends
word that coffee is sacred and has the governor executed.
1600: Coffee,
introduced to the West by Italian traders, grabs attention in high places. In
Italy, Pope Clement VIII is urged by his advisers to consider that favorite
drink of the Ottoman Empire part of the infidel threat. However, he decides to
"baptize" it instead, making it an acceptable Christian beverage.
1607:
Captain John Smith helps to found the colony of Virginia at Jamestown. It's
believed that he introduced coffee to North America.
1645: First
coffeehouse opens in Italy.
1652: First coffeehouse opens in England.
Coffee houses multiply and become such popular forums for learned and not so
learned - discussion that they are dubbed "penny universities" (a penny being
the price of a cup of coffee).
1668: Coffee replaces beer as New York's
City's favorite breakfast drink.
1668: Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse opens
in England and is frequented by merchants and maritime insurance agents.
Eventually it becomes Lloyd's of London, the best-known insurance company in the
world.
1672: First coffeehouse opens in Paris.
1675: The Turkish
Army surrounds Vienna. Franz Georg Kolschitzky, a Viennese who had lived in
Turkey, slips through the enemy lines to lead relief forces to the city. The
fleeing Turks leave behind sacks of "dry black fodder" that Kolschitzky
recognizes as coffee. He claims it as his reward and opens central Europe's
first coffee house. He also establishes the habit of refining the brew by
filtering out the grounds, sweetening it, and adding a dash of milk.
1690: With a coffee plant smuggled out of the Arab port of Mocha, the
Dutch become the first to transport and cultivate coffee commercially, in Ceylon
and in their East Indian colony - Java, source of the brew's
nickname.
1713: The Dutch unwittingly provide Louis XIV of France with a
coffee bush whose descendants will produce entire Western coffee industry when
in 1723 French naval officer Gabriel Mathieu do Clieu steals a seedling and
transports it to Martinique. Within 50 years and official survey records 19
million coffee trees on Martinique. Eventually, 90 percent of the world's coffee
spreads from this plant.
1721: First coffee house opens in
Berlin.
1727: The Brazilian coffee industry gets its start when
Lieutenant colonel Francisco de Melo Palheta is sent by government to arbitrate
a border dispute between the French and the Dutch colonies in Guiana. Not only
does he settle the dispute, but also strikes up a secret liaison with the wife
of French Guiana's governor. Although France guarded its New World coffee
plantations to prevent cultivation from spreading, the lady said good-bye to
Palheta with a bouquet in which she hid cuttings and fertile seeds of
coffee.
1732: Johann Sevastian Bach composes his Kaffee-Kantate. Partly
an ode to coffee and partly a stab at the movement in Germany to prevent women
from drinking coffee (it was thought to make them sterile), the cantata includes
the aria, "Ah! How sweet coffee taste! Lovelier than a thousand kisses, sweeter
far than muscatel wine! I must have my coffee."
1773: The Boston Tea
Party makes drinking coffee a patriotic duty in America.
1775: Prussia's
Frederick the Great tries to block imports of green coffee, as Prussia's wealth
is drained. Public outcry changes his mind.
1886: Former wholesale grocer
Joel Cheek names his popular coffee blend "Maxwell House," after the hotel in
Nashville, TN where it's served.
Early 1900's: In Germany, afternoon
coffee becomes a standard occasion. The derogatory term "KaffeeKlatsch" is
coined to describe women's gossip at these affairs. Since broadened to mean
relaxed conversation in general.
1900: Hills Bros. begins packing roast
coffee in vacuum tins, spelling the end of the ubiquitous local roasting shops
and coffee mills.
1901: The first soluble "instant" coffee is invented by
Japanese-American chemist Satori Kato of Chicago.
1903: German coffee
importer Ludwig Roselius turn a batch of ruined coffee beans over to
researchers, who perfect the process of removing caffeine from the beans without
destroying the flavor. He markets it under the brand name "Sanka." Sanka is
introduced to the United States in 1923.
1906: George Constant
Washington, an English chemist living in Guatemala, notices a powdery
condensation forming on the spout of his silver coffee carafe. After
experimentation, he creates the first mass-produced instant coffee (his brand is
called Red E Coffee).
1920: Prohibition goes into effect in United
States. Coffee sales boom.
1938: Having been asked by Brazil to help find
a solution to their coffee surpluses, Nestle company invents freeze-dried
coffee. Nestle develops Nescafe and introduces it in Switzerland.
1940:
The US imports 70 percent of the world coffee crop.
1942: During W.W.II,
American soldiers are issued instant Maxwell House coffee in their ration kits.
Back home, widespread hoarding leads to coffee rationing.
1946: In Italy,
Achilles Gaggia perfects his espresso machine. Cappuccino is named for the
resemblance of its color to the robes of the monks of the Capuchin
order.
1969: One week before Woodstock the Manson Family murders coffee
heiress Abigail Folger as she visits with friend Sharon Tate in the home of
filmmaker Roman Polanski.
1971: Starbucks opens its first store in
Seattle's Pike Place public market, creating a frenzy over fresh-roasted whole
bean coffee.
As you can see from the timeline coffee played a big role in many cultures and societies.
Species of Coffee:
The two principal species of coffee that are grown today are Arabica and Robusta. "Coffea Arabica" represents three-quarters of world coffee production. Arabica originates from Arabia and thrives in land that is very rich in minerals. Some varieties of this coffee are the Moka, Maragogipe, San Ramon, Columnaris, and Bourbon. Arabica that is not grown in Arabia or brazil, but in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Guatemala, Salvador, Haiti and Santo Domingo are known as mild Arabica coffee. Arabica is a coffee that is sharp in taste with low caffeine content. Coffea Robusta is a variety that can grow to over 12 meters high. It grows very quickly in altitudes that are up to 600 meters high and is very resistant to parasites. Robusta was discovered in the Congo in 1898, and is widely spread in africa. Robusta is more likely to be cheap tasting and bitter. The beans of the Robusta are very small.(17)
(Green Robusta Beans) (Green Arabica Beans)
Coffee plants need special conditions if they are to give a good crop:
- Areas with hot-wet climate
- Soil deep, hard, permeable, well-irrigated, with well-drained subsoil
- Hilly lands, cut into mountainsides
Harvesting and Treatment:
Dry Process- Exposure to sun and the berries are continuously stirred to evenly expose them to the sun for a period up to 20 days. The coffee can also be put in drying rooms where it is dried at 45-60 C.
Wet Process- More difficult, used on the mild coffees. The berries are first cleaned, the pulp is removed, they are fermented, and then peeled. The final process is to remove any impurities in the bean and to give it a glossy look.(17)
Bird Safe Coffee:
Bird safe coffee is coffee that is grown in shaded areas. These shaded areas house 150 species of birds. The problem with these growing areas is that they are less economically feasible and less people like to grow there coffee this way because the income is less than that of non-shaded growing farms. (16)
Health Issues associated
with coffee and caffeine:
The four main health concerns associated with coffee and caffeine are Exhausted Adrenal Glands, Severe Blood Sugar Swings, Acid Imbalance, and Essential Mineral Depletion. The following is a list of other health conditions caused by coffee and caffine:
-Acid indigestion
-Anxiety, irritability, and nervousness
-Yeast Problems
-Diarrhea
-Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
-Diabetes
-Dizziness
-Heart Disease
-High Blood Pressure
-High Cholesterol
-Insomnia
-Liver disease
-Kidney or bladder problems
-Migraines
-Osteoporosis
-Skin irritations
-Ulcers, heartburn and stomach problems
If you would like to see the many ways on how to prepare coffee, follow this link: http://www.gardfoods.com/coffee/coffee.prepare.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A brief history of milk timeline: (milknutrition.org)(26)
3000 BC The earliest record
suggesting man's use of animals' milk as food was unearthed in a temple in the
Euphrates Valley near Babylon. An archaeologist found a mosaic frieze believed
to be about 5,000 years old.
400 AD Milk and foods made from milk are
mentioned in the Bible, early Hindu writings and hymns.
12th Century
Powdered milk is created by Gengis Khan's warriors.
13th Century Marco Polo
writes that the strong Tartar armies enjoy a fermented form of mare's milk.
1518 The first cow is brought to Canada.
1856 Louis Pasteur discovers
that heating milk quickly and then cooling it quickly kills harmful bacteria
without changing the milk's nutrient value (pasteurization).
1878 The first
patent is registered for a milk container known as the 'Lester Milk Jar' on
January 29th.
1902 Federal cow testing programs begin.
1923 Federal
grading of butter and cheese for export begins.
1932 Milk is first sold in
plastic-coated cardboard milk cartons.
1938 The Ontario Health Act requires
pasteurization of all milk and cream for human consumption.
1964 Milk
becomes available in plastic containers.
1965 The Milk Act is passed and the
Ontario Milk Marketing Board (OMMB) is established to act as an intermediate
body to buy all the milk produced on Ontario farms and sell that milk to the
processors.
1966 The Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC) is established with the
proclamation of the Canadian Dairy Commission Act on October 31st.
1995
Dairy Farmers of Ontario is formed on August 1, 1995 following the merger of the
Ontario Milk Marketing Board and the Ontario Cream Producers' Marketing
Board.
Click here to read a news article about the importance of milk in Nomadic societies of Inner Asia:
Why you should drink
milk:
Milk is a very important beverage to drink because it contains many vitamins and minerals that are essential to the body. The nutrients contained in milk are Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folacin, Vitamin B12, Pantothenate, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Zinc, Potassium, Sodium, Protein, Fat, and Carbohydrates. "Its is recommended that you have 2-4 servings of milk products everyday."(Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating)(5)
Different Types of Milk:
Ethical Issues:
An ethical issue when dealing with milk is the treatment of the cows. Today, cows are housed in huge warehouses where they are hooked up to machines and sucked dry of all milk they can possibly produce. These cows are usually genetically manipulated so they can produce more milk than they originally could. Its is very common for a dairy cow to produce up to 100 pounds of milk a day, 10 times more than they would produce naturally. The udders of the cows are often mutilated and become so painful for the cows that they drag on the ground and usually result in infections. As of now, the government has done nothing to protect these cows, but animal rights activists are making it clear that they intend to take a stand.
Soft Drink history timeline: (Inventors.about.com)(25)
1798 The term "soda water"
first coined.
1810 First U.S. patent issued for the manufacture of
imitation mineral waters.
1819 The "soda fountain" patented by Samuel
Fahnestock.
1835 The first bottled soda water in the U.S.
1850 A
manual hand & foot operated filling & corking device, first used for
bottling soda water.
1851 Ginger ale created in Ireland.
1861
The term "pop" first coined.
1874 The first ice-cream soda sold.
1876 Root beer mass produced for public sale.
1881 The first
cola-flavored beverage introduced.
1885 Charles Aderton invented "Dr
Pepper" in Waco, Texas.
1886 Dr. John S. Pemberton invented "Coca-Cola"
in Atlanta, Georgia.
1892 William Painter invented the crown bottle cap.
1898 "Pepsi-Cola" is invented by Caleb Bradham.
1899 The first
patent issued for a glass blowing machine, used to produce glass bottles.
1913 Gas motored trucks replaced horse drawn carriages as delivery
vehicles.
1919 The American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages formed.
1920 The U.S. Census reported that more than 5,000 bottlers now exist.
Early 1920's The first automatic vending machines dispensed sodas into
cups.
1923 Six-pack soft drink cartons called "Hom-Paks" created.
1929 The Howdy Company debuted its new drink "Bib-Label Lithiated
Lemon-Lime Sodas" later called "7 Up". Invented by Charles Leiper Grigg.
1934 Applied color labels first used on soft drink bottles, the coloring
was baked on the face of the bottle.
1952 The first diet soft drink sold
called the "No-Cal Beverage" a gingerale sold by Kirsch.
1957 The first
aluminum cans used.
1959 The first diet cola sold.
1962 The
pull-ring tab first marketed by the Pittsburgh Brewing Company of Pittsburgh,
PA. The pull-ring tab was invented by Alcoa.
1963 The Schlitz Brewing
company introduced the "Pop Top" beer can to the nation in March, invented by
Ermal Fraze of Kettering, Ohio.
1965 Soft drinks in cans dispensed from
vending machines.
1965 The resealable top invented.
1966 The
American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages renamed The National Soft Drink
Association.
1970 Plastic bottles are used for soft drinks.
1973
The PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottle created.
1974 The stay-on
tab invented. Introduced by the Falls City Brewing Company of Louisville, KY.
1979 Mello Yello soft drink is introduced by the Coca Cola company as
competition against Mountain Dew.
1981 The "talking" vending machine
invented.
The Process:
Soft drinks are simply
water with carbonation and flavor added to them. The first marketed soft
drinks are dated back to the 17th century. They were made with water and
lemon juice sweetened with honey. In 1832, John Mathews "The father of
soft drinks" invented a machine that easily carbonated water. From that
day on the soft drink industry has been booming.(9)
Health Issues:
The main health issues with soft drinks are the extreme amount of sugar, empty calories and lack of nutrients. It is a growing concern among nutritionists these days because soft drinks are becoming a substitute for more healthy beverages. In today's society, soft drinks are a large contributor to obesity. Other health related problems related to soft drink drinkers are ostioperosis, due to lack of calcium intake, tooth decay, due to the excessive amount of sugar, heart disease, and kidney stones.
The
Cola-Wars:
Coca-Cola was invented and first marketed in 1886, then followed by Pepsi in 1898. For many years, Coca-Cola was the leader of the cola market and Pepsi was very distant and not even thought of as a competitor. With the invention of radio, television and other media sources, the cola-wars began. The companies started using advertising to gain an edge on the other company. Pepsi leaned toward getting celebrities to drink their drinks to make it so it seemed as if all the "popular" people were doing it. Coke leaned towards images of "happiness and togetherness, tradition, and nationalism."(geocities.com). It has been an on-going battle ever since, Coke and Pepsi have both been on top, and on the bottom of the wars and it is pretty apparent that the wars may never end.
Click Here to see a list of advertising slogans used by the companies.....
Breast cancer, cancer of the colon, esophagus, stomach, lungs, ovaries, and rectum - all of these diseases can possibly be prevented by just drinking enough fruit juices. Phytochemicals, the chemicals within these fruit juices are proven to fight against all of these diseases. Studies show that societies in such areas as Africa, China, the Mediterranean, Russia, and elsewhere that have strong diets consisting of fruits and fruit juices don't have health problems that exist in North America. The carbohydrates and fibers in these juices are essential to the human body. Many of these phytochemicals are being researched intensly by scientists and are proving to be extremely important to the human body and the prevention of diseases.(12)
Sports drinks are the most widely used forms of nutrition supplementation for athletes. These drinks have been proven to fight dehydration in a big way. When the body sweats, it loses electrolytes and carbohydrates, these drinks help replenish these electrolytes and carbohydrates faster than any other drink. The following are the three types of sports drinks and how they work positively for the body(12)
Isotonic- quickly replaces fluids lost by the body and supplies an extra boost of carbohydrates. This drink is most often used by athletes. Glucose is the bodies preferred source of energy, these isotonic drinks have 6 to 8 percent glucose concentration.
Hypotonic- replaces the fluids lost by sweating without the boost of carbohydrates
Hypertonic- This drink is used as a supplement to the daily carbohydrate intake. It also restores glycogen in the muscles.
1) Palacios, Marco. Coffee in Columbia, 1850-1970: an economic, social, and political history. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
2) Sivetz, Micheal. Coffee processing technology: Westport, Conn., Avi Pub. Co., 1963
3) Okakura, Kakuzo: The book of tea. Edited and introduced by Everett F. Bleiler: New York, Dover Publications, 1964
4) Talmage, T. De Witt: Around the tea-table. By T. De Witt Talmage: Philadelphia, Cowperthwait & Company, 1874
5) Fletcher, David Wilson: Himalayan tea garden: New York, Crowell 1956
6) Farah, Nuruddin: Sweet and sour milk. St. Paul, Minn.: Graywolf Press, 1992.
7) Johnson, Crawford T: Coca-Cola Bottling Company United, Inc.: a pause to reflect. New York: Newcomen Society of the United States, 1987
8) Mehta, Gita: Karma Cola: marketing the mystic East. New York: Vintage International, 1994.
9) Kahn, Ely Jacques. The big drink: the story of Coca-Cola. New York, Random House, 1960.
10) Nestle, Marion: Food polotics: how the food industry influences nutrition and health. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2002
11) Bruno, Joseph S. All the best for 57 years? Joseph S. Bruno, Ronald G. Bruno. New York: Newcomen Society of the United States, 1989
12) Gardner, Robert: Health Science projects about nutrition. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2002.
13) http://www.usgs.gov/ Roger and Cynthia Gallimore. Multi Pure Independent Distributors.
16) http://www.coffeeresearch.org/
18) Changes in coffee Culture. Korea Times: Copyright 2002 Hankook Ilbo.
19) http://www.telusplanet.net/
21) http://www.healthyhealing.com/
22) http://www.desijournal.com/
24) Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft 2003.
25) http://www.inventors.about.com/
26) http://www.milknutrition.org/