MLA Documentation Style – Updated 2003

 

MLA style uses parenthetical citations, or a combination of signal phrases and parenthetical citations, in the text to document every quotation, paraphrase, summary, or other instance of material borrowed from sources.  Parenthetical citations refer to full bibliographic entries in a list of Works Cited at the end of the text.  Parenthetical citations should be as concise as possible but complete enough so that readers can locate the source in the works-cited list.  Place a parenthetical citation as near the relevant material as possible without disrupting the flow of a sentence, usually before the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence or phrase containing the borrowed material. The following illustrate in-text citations for a variety of sources:

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Note: Footnotes and endnotes may be used in some circumstances: to comment on a source, to provide information that does not fit easily in the text, or to cite several sources at once when listing them in a long parenthetical citation would be intrusive and distracting to the reader.

Writing Center, Lock Haven University of PA 2003

Works Cited

 


Web site                                      Ad-Up: Internet Marketing and Online Advertising Agency .  3 Mar. 2003 <http://ad-up.com> 

 

Book, edition other      Auletta, Ken. The Underclass. 2nd ed. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2000.

   than first

Book                             Bernstein, David. Creative Advertising.  London: Longman, 1974.

 

Advertisement             Chanel for Men. Advertisement. GQ Dec. 1993: 125-126.

 

Collection w/editor     Craig, Patricia, ed.  The Oxford Book of Travel Stories.  Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

 

Work in anthology,     Desai, Anita. “Scholar and Gypsy.” Craig 251-73.

 cross-referenced

Email                              Doe, Jane. “Re: Interview Questions.” E-mail to the author. 28 Jan. 2003.

 

Article from library    Eaton, Lynn. “United Kingdom Finally Bans Tobacco Advertising.” British Medical Journal  326

database, journal

 paginated by                          (2003): 351. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Lock Haven University Stevenson

  

   volume                              Library, Lock Haven, PA. 3 Mar. 2003.

 

Book, two authors      Engel, James F. and Roger D. Blackwell. Consumer Behavior. 4th ed. New York: Holt, 1973.

 

Magazine article        Gregg, Gary. “To Sell Your Product, Admit It’s Not Perfect.” Psychology Today Oct. 1974: 35-36.

 

Television show         The Gullible Consumer. Narr. Dan Rather. Writ. And Prod. Charles Miller. CBS News Special.

 

     21 Mar. 1981.

 

Article from               Harvey, Harold D. and Paul Fleming. “The Readability and Audience Acceptance of  Printed 

library database,

journal paginated                  Health Promotion Materials Used by Environmental Health Departments.”  Journal of

 

 

by issue                                Environmental Health. 65.6 (2003): 22-8. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Lock

 

 

  Haven University Stevenson Library, Lock Haven, PA. 3 Mar. 2003.

 

Review in                     Kauffman, Stanley. “A New Spielberg.”  Rev. of Schlinder’s List, dir. Steven Spielberg. New

  magazine

                                      Republic 13 Dec. 1993: 30.

 

Author with editor     Kerouac, Jack. Atop an Underwood. Ed. Paul Marion. New York: Penguin, 2000.

 

Encyclopedia article  “Mandarin.” Encyclopedia Americana. 1980 ed.

 

Two works by             McLuhan, J. Marshall. Counterblast.  New York: Harcourt, 1970.

same author--use

hypens 2nd entry         ---. The Mechanical Bride: Folklore of Industrial Man. Boston: Beacon, 1951.

 

Article: online             Morgan, Fiona. “Banning the Bullies.” Salon.com 15 Mar. 2001. 2 Apr. 2001

   magazine            

  <http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2001/03/15/bullying/index.html>

 

Interview                     Roman, Kenneth. Telephone Interview. 6 Sept. 1994.

 

Cartoon                        Trudeau, Gary.  “Doonesbury.”  Cartoon.  Star-Ledger [Newark]  3 Jan. 1994:24.

 

Magazine article,       “Truth Doesn’t Sell.” Time. 14 May 1973: 96-97.

  no author

 

Work of art                  van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. June 1889. Museum of Mod. Art. New York. 27 Feb. 2001

 

    online                         <http://www.moma.org/docs/collection/paintsculpt/c58.htm>

 

Four or more              Winston, Barrett  L., et al. “The Effect of Intertrial Delays on Retardation of Learning.” Journal of

 

  authors                           Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 9 (1983): 581-593.

 

                     Note: For more information, check <http://www.mla.org>  or <http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/smhandbook>